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1.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 77(6): 320-323, nov.-dez. 2018. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-985314

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivos: Avaliar o grau de contaminação por fungos e bactérias e o modo de conservação destes colírios hipotensores por parte dos pacientes no ambulatório de Glaucoma da Santa Casa de Ribeirão Preto. Métodos: Foram selecionados aleatoriamente cinquenta e cinco pacientes, em seguimento no ambulatório, e após consentimento dos mesmos os colírios eram coletados e enviados via correio para análise por microbiologista e patologista em até 72 horas. Foi analisado 0,5ml aproximadamente das medicações e os pacientes respondiam a um questionário simples sobre o método de conservação e se consideravam estes adequados. Resultados: Dos 55 colírios analisados, cinco (9,01%) estavam com seu conteúdo líquido contaminado. Entre os microrganismos isolados haviam 4 bactérias Gram negativas, sendo 1 (1,8%) por Serratia marcescens, 1 (1,8%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa e 2 (3,6%) Stenotrophomas maltophilia. Um colírio estava contaminado pelo fungo Cândida ssp Todos pacientes do estudo julgam seus métodos de armazenamento e instilação adequados. Os pacientes que tiveram os colírios positivados eram convocados para exame clínico e passavam por novo questionário pelo investigador. Conclusão: O tempo de abertura dos frascos e os métodos de conservação influenciam na contaminação dos medicamentos, todos os colírios com crescimento de microrganismos no presente estudo estavam abertos entre 30 e 90 dias. O fato de que a maioria dos pacientes levam seus colírios em tarefas cotidianas, aumenta a exposição dos frascos e podem ser um fator relevante para determinar a contaminação destas medicações.


Abstract Objetives: To assess the degree of fungal and bacterial contamination of hypotensive eye drops and the way these are preserved by the patients at the Glaucoma outpatient clinic of Santa Casa Hospital in Ribeirão Preto. Methods: Fifty-five patients were randomly assigned to follow-up in the outpatient clinic and, after their consent, an eye drop was collected per patient and later sent by mail for analysis by microbiologist and pathologist in up to 72 hours. Approximately 0.5ml of the medications were analyzed and the patients were asked to answer a simple questionnaire on the method of drug conservation and whether they considered it adequate. Results: Of the 55 analysed eye drops, five (9.01%) had their liquid contents contaminated. Among the microorganisms isolated there were 4 Gram negative bacteria, 1 (1.8%) by Serratia marcenses, 1 (1.8%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 2 (3.6%) Stenotrophomas maltophilia. An eye drop was contaminated by the fungus Candida ssp. All the patients in the study judged their methods of storage and instillation appropriate. The patients who had the positive coliria were summoned for clinical examination and passed through a new questionnaire by the investigator. Conclusion: The time and methods of preservation influence the contamination of medicinal products. All the eye drops that presented growth of microorganisms in the present study were open between 30 and 90 days. The fact that most patients take their eye drops on daily tasks increases the exposure of the bottles and can be a relevant fact to determine the contamination of these medications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Ophthalmic Solutions/analysis , Ophthalmic Solutions/therapeutic use , Glaucoma/drug therapy , Drug Contamination , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification , Serratia marcescens/growth & development , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Candida/growth & development , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/growth & development , Drug Storage , Slit Lamp Microscopy , Fungi/isolation & purification
2.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 40(2): 285-291, Apr.-June 2009. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-520240

ABSTRACT

A Gram-negative bacterium, designated as strain KB2, was isolated from activated sludge and was found to utilize different aromatic substrates as sole carbon and energy source. On the basis of morphological and physiochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolated strain KB2 was identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Strain KB2 is from among different Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains the first one described as exhibiting the activities of three types of dioxygenases depending on the structure of the inducer. The cells grown on benzoate and catechol showed mainly catechol 1,2- dioxygenase activity. The activity of 2,3-dioxygenase was detected after phenol induction. Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase was found in crude cell extracts of this strain after incubation with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid and vanillic acid. Because of broad spectrum of dioxygenases' types that Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KB2 can exhibit, this strain appears to be very powerful and useful tool in the biotreatment of wastewaters and in soil decontamination.


Uma bactéria Gram-negativa, denominada KB2, foi isolada de lodo ativado, verificando-se ser capaz de utilizar substratos aromáticos com única fonte de carbono e energia. Com base nas características morfológicas e físico-químicas, e na análise da sequencia do gene 16SrRNA, esta bactéria foi identificada como Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Entre as diversas cepas de S. maltophilia já descritas, essa cepa é a primeira com atividade de três tipos de dioxigenases, dependendo da estrutura do indutor. As células cultivadas em benzoato e catecol apresentaram atividade de catecol 1,2-dioxigenase principalmente. A atividade de 2,3-dioxigenase foi detectada após indução com fenol. Após incubação com ácidos 4-hidrobenzoico, ácido protocatecuico evanílico, encontrou-se protocatecuato 3,4-dioxigenase no extrato celular. Devido ao amplo espectro de atividade das diferentes dioxigenases de S. maltophilia KB2, esta cepa parece ser uma ferramenta poderosa e útil para o biotratamento de efluentes e descontaminação do solo.


Subject(s)
Activated Sludges , Dioxygenases/analysis , Dioxygenases/genetics , Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis , Base Sequence/genetics , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/growth & development , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/isolation & purification , Biodegradation, Environmental , Methods , Methods
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